Friday, December 27, 2019

HIV/AIDS Testing A Wake Up Call Essay - 1215 Words

Thirty years ago, the AIDS, â€Å"Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome†, was not a well-known disease and infected people by that disease were not quarantined, because of lack of information about the disease. The medical scholars explained that AIDS is the culmination of the virus onset, HIV, â€Å"human immunodeficiency virus†. Currently, the infected people with complications, emaciation, diarrhea, tuberculosis, cancer, fever, vomiting, cannot meet together what ever the occasion, birthday party, first communion, wedding. Around the world, in some countries, that disease has become a stigma and infected people are isolated, even by their own families. It turns out that the disease has sprung up relentlessly, via national and international contacts†¦show more content†¦No body knows exactly if the disease is not prevalent in his community, nor does he know his status but three months after the testing. Another vector, agent of propagation of the disease, called At-Risk groups, is formed of prostitutes and drugs addicts. These groups should be subjected to a HIV/testing every six months. Lots of evidence existing in venereal diseases cases, identified by the Control of Disease Center (CDC), show prostitution and intravenous drugs use are the potential foci of the HIV infection. The multiplication of sexual partners and the exchange of needles in drugs use have caused the proliferation of the disease. In 1991, the Thailand’s government had enumerated â€Å"143, 000 new infections cases accrued in a country of roughly 65 millions people† (Behrman 113). The same year, that government had projected â€Å"10 million HIV infection cases by 2010† (114). Therefore Thailand has set up an educational program of prevention and control of the AIDS, massive public information campaign, mass condoms distribution among prostitutes rings, and a comprehensive needle exchange pro gram†(114). From 1991 to 1995, a behavioral change of the prostitutes has been registered bringing Thailand’s annual rate of infection â€Å"from 143,000 toShow MoreRelatedHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1349 Words   |  6 Pages Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retro virus that causes AIDs by infecting the T Helper cells of the body’s immune system. The AIDS virus is the final stages of the HIV virus. HIV is a lentivirus genus, which is a subgroup of the retrovirus that causes the AIDS virus. Even with proper treatment, an infected person has a life expectancy of less than ten years.As the virus weakens the human immune systems, this effectleaves the patient compromised and at risk to opportunistic infectionsRead MoreA Report On Child Care967 Words   |  4 Pages A mother picks up her three-year-old son early from child care after concerns of a sudden onset of a fever upon waking up from naptime. She was informed that he was fine in the morn ing playing as usual and did not appear to be out of sorts as far as how he was acting. Diet was normal and nothing different was giving to him for lunch or morning snack After the set naptime was up the child seemed to have felt hotter than normal with a temperature of ninety-nine point seven degrees Fahrenheit and someRead MorePoverty With Hiv And Aids2242 Words   |  9 PagesDue to gaps in policy oversight, the percentage of minorities living with HIV and AIDS in the United States remains high. It has remained high due in part to policies that were implemented during the early 90’s, emblematically The Ryan White Care Act, along with in policy makers for their failure to recognize the special needs and factors that pertain to minority groups, specifically African Americans and Non-white Hispanics. The racial disparities that have historically plagued these minority groupsRead MoreHsci2195 Words   |  9 PagesTHREE main public health issues that your group suggests to ad dress urgently (justify your group’s decision to include those three issues): * In 2003 alone, AIDS, tuberculosis (TB) and malaria caused more than 6 million deaths worldwide. * Tuberculosis is the main public health issues. * Tuberculosis also can call TB is an infection of the lungs with a germ called Mycobacterium. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a pathogenic bacteria species in the genus Mycobacterium and the causativeRead MoreProstitution in India6516 Words   |  27 Pagessex industry centre in Asia.[6]  Over the years, India has seen a growing mandate to legalize prostitution, to avoid exploitation of sex workers and their children by middlemen and in the wake of growing HIV/AIDS menace.[7] Normally, female prostitutes are categorised as common prostitutes, singers and dancers,  call girls, religious prostitutes (or  devadasi), and caged brothel prostitutes. Districts borderingMaharashtra  and  Karnataka, known as the ‘devadasi belt’, have trafficking structures operatingRead MoreEssay about How Steroids and HGH Destroyed Baseball2296 Words   |  10 Pages Matthew Barnes agrees: â€Å"performance enhancers bring excitement to the game. Everyone goes to a game to see magic big hits. Bringing steroids to the game just hypes it up† (Finck, par.10). Many would agree with these young man. Bud Selig, commissioner of baseball, started a fight against this. He wants the intensified drug testing rules to show these young players that it isn’t worth risking your name and most of all your life and health over. Most of these young men don’t care if the players takeRead MoreAn Assessment of the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Nigerian Society: the Examples of Banking and Communication Industries18990 Words   |  76 Pagessurvey engaged in corporate philanthropy. Making cash contributions was the most common form of philanthropy (about 91%). Community development and education were the primary beneficiaries of cash donations and encouragement of employee volunteerism was up to 36% from 1992. Over 95% of responding organizations maintained or increased both cash donations and other philanthropic activities since the last survey in 1992. Being socially responsible by meeting the public’s continually changing expectationsRead MoreDrug Abuse8640 Words   |  35 Pagesisn’t this is a wonderful experience? Well this experience caused due to administration of certain illicit drugs is called is high. This ‘high† enables the person to reach mental level of peace and calm. However, as sir Newton said â€Å"what goes up must come down .and the higher it goes the hardest it falls.â€Å" The person who administered the drug experiences a feeling known as the crash, wherein he enters into gloomy state of depression. This state of depression doesn’t leave the person till heRead MoreThe For Helping Others With The End Game Of Jumping9894 Words   |  40 Pages According to Mckay and Pelletier (2007), 78 percent of those who are considered SPMI suffer from at least one chronic medical condition. They are also significantly more likely than the general population to be obese, have diabetes, have an STD/HIV, have a substance dependence diagnosis, high cholesterol or other chronic conditions and on average live a total of 25 years shorter (Mckay and Pelletier, 2007; Nor man, 2006). The population is also more at risk for homelessness, poverty, psychiatricRead MoreAdvancing Effective Communicationcommunication, Cultural Competence, and Patient- and Family-Centered Care Quality Safety Equity53293 Words   |  214 Pagesor service to be construed as disapproval.  © 2010 by The Joint Commission Permission to reproduce this guide for noncommercial, educational purposes with display of attribution is granted. For other requests regarding permission to reprint, please call (630) 792-5954. Suggested Citation The Joint Commission: Advancing Effective Communication, Cultural Competence, and Patient- and Family-Centered Care: A Roadmap for Hospitals. Oakbrook Terrace, IL: The Joint Commission, 2010. For more information

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Essay Insecurity as a Root of Tyranny - 1290 Words

Insecurity as a Root of Tyranny â€Å"Everyday Use,† by the acclaimed author Alice Walker, is a thematic and symbolic adaptation of the author’s life and the lifestyle of the African-American population during the 1960’s. Reviewing Alice Walker’s life and the 1960’s provides the necessary background to understand the character development of this story. Walker was born in 1944, the daughter of poor southern sharecroppers in Georgia. The history of the Walker family predates slavery; therefore, many traditions of the pre-abolition Black American existed in Alice’s childhood. Alice was disfigured by a BB gun as a young child, leaving her with an insecurity that is clearly reflected in the character Maggie Johnson. In much of the same way†¦show more content†¦Upon exiting the car wearing a â€Å"loud† dress and â€Å"dangling† (Walker 282) jewelry, Dee greet her family by saying, â€Å" ‘Wa-su-za-tean-o’ † (Walker 283). Although this word is never translated, Wangero’s use of foreign language in the presence of her relatively uneducated family is a clear indication of her desire to exhibit her intellectual superiority. Dee’s behavior implies that the changes in her personality are simply examples of her ancestry and newly found consciousness of intellect; however, her true motivation clearly stems from insecurity and selfishness. The incident with the quilts reveals Dee to be a product of trend. Dee initially had no desire for the quilts, but later becomes interested when Black-American heritage becomes fashionable. Dee Johnson is clearly an aggressive and potent force to be reckoned with consequently; her actions reveal immense insecurity and turmoil. Insecurity forces people to despise those who feel secure and peaceful about their lives. Momma and Maggie own nothing of material value; however, both possess the one thing Dee desires: peace. Dee is unable to use her knowledge and cultural identity to gain peace in her life, so she becomes contemptuous towards her family because they live serene, yet modest, â€Å"uneducated† lives. Dee demands success in her pursuits and strongly urges her family to fall inShow MoreRelatedEssay about Chapter 5 Text1303 Words   |  6 Pageswant to have to live under the rules and regulations of the British, where on the other side of that coin, there were the colonists would didn’t want to separate from the ruling of the Brit’s. They feared the unknown and also had many economic insecurities when evaluating which side of the Atlantic they wanted to remain loyal to. Finally people that may have lived in a different class, perhaps their family did not have money, or own la nd, now had a voice that mattered here in North America. AsRead MoreDà ©jà   Vu: Motifs of Hitler in Richard III(1995) and How They Help Modern Audience to Understand Shakespeare’s Richard1626 Words   |  7 PagesSoviet Union in 1991 ruins the socialism faith in millions, whereas global economy tsunami in 1998 foils capitalism as troublesome too. For the worst part, rumors about the doomsday of 2000 remain haunted. This typical collective fear also deeply roots in England when Shakespeare creates Richard III: Elisabeth I was rapidly aging without any heir. In both cases, fear of social stability comes with no promised solution. Therefore, under similar circumstance, it is necessary to recall the living demonsRead More‘a Witch-Hunt’ Discuss This View of Mccarthyism1931 Words   |  8 Pagesactivity to distinguish between dangerous and innocuous forms of communists is evidence of the irrational, hysterical undercurrent of the McCarthyite era that trivialises the justifications of the tyranny that took place. Manifesting during the Cold War, McCarthyism can be viewed as a manifestation of the insecurity that America faced during the crisis. ‘Losing’ China to Mao’s revolution, and the onset of the Korean war entailed that communists, a common scape goat in US history were blamed. However, ratherRead MoreThemes of Filipino Komiks Short Stories: a Content Analysis Themes of Filipino Komiks Short Stories: a Content Analysis Themes of Filipino Komiks Short Stories: a Content Analysis5271 Words   |  22 Pagesfrom limited literature on the historical development of the komiks. Because of this, plus limited research time, the study consisted mostly of secondary data. While Mauricios research encompassed the whole history of the Filipino komiks, from its roots to its present form, that of Marivel Topacio is limited to comparing the contents of komiks before and after Martial Law was declared. The study used content analysis for the common topics such as love, crime, violence and the Green Revolution (aRead MoreEssay on Why did King Charles I Resort to Personal Rule in 16292799 Words   |  12 Pagesthe King felt that any joint governing of the country was impossible. Right from the start of Charles reign, relations had been poor with Parliament. But the time leading up to the start of the Personal Rule, or the Eleven Year Tyranny as it is sometimes referred, marked a low point. So for what reasons did Charles embark on the Personal Rule, and whose fault was it? These issues will be discussed in the following paragraphs. The broad overall reason for the collapseRead MoreChristian Ethics3677 Words   |  15 Pagesredemption, and while the whole gamut of salvation is not expressed in redemption from sin, this is its central core. Although, as we noted, naturalism and humanism tend to think of sin as an outmoded concept and talk instead about maladjustment, insecurity, neurosis, or antisocial conduct, the term remains in the diction of Christians. But what does it mean? There is no clear agreement as to its meaning, and the ambiguity with which sin is regarded is responsible for much ineffectiveness in ChristianRead More Colonization and the Black Mans Struggle Essay5469 Words   |  22 Pagesthe creation of the pyramids in Egypt, work on Mayan temples in South America, and even used by the Mongols in northern Asia as a part of the Mongolian fighting machine. The enslavement of the Africans, however, created a legacy of oppression and tyranny that carried on much longer after the abolition of the systems. The reason for this is that African slaves were not looked upon as humans at all, but as a commodity that could be abused and sold purely for the purpose of making a profit. In most otherRead MoreHow Women A re Portrayed in Media6769 Words   |  28 Pagesproducts and so far it seems to work. If we could start thinking about what is reality as a collective society, then maybe we can also accept that reality without constantly trying to change it. These types of media images only perpetuate more insecurity as opposed to positive images about oneself. We need to accept people for how they look, no matter what they look like without trying to live up to some unrealistic image in the media. -- Portrayal or Betrayal? How the media depicts women andRead MoreOil Boom in North Dakota5022 Words   |  21 Pagesafter him were bused 45 miles each way. This is the kind of thing that happens when a state empties out. There are maybe worse things than boom. A S some North Dakota conservatives tell it—and they have a strong case—the current prosperity has its roots in conscientious policies of the past. It began with the election of a Republican governor in 1992, they say. He was Ed Schafer, later an agriculture secretary under George W. Bush. Scott Hennen, a radio host based in Fargo, describes Schafer as Read MoreEssay about The Results of Children in Fatherless Homes16087 Words   |  65 Pagesrights as a woman; she was exhibiting true moral heroism. On the night Murphy Brown became an unwed mother, 34 million Americans tuned in, and CBS posted a 35 percent share of the audience. The show did not stir significant protest at the grass roots and lost none of its advertisers. The actress Candice Bergen subsequently appeared on the cover of nearly every womens and news magazine in the country and received an honorary degree at the University of Pennsylvania as well as an Emmy award. The

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Tolerance Of Genetic Modification And Engineering Of Crops - Sample

Question: Discuss about the Tolerance Of Genetic Modification And Engineering Of Crops. Answer: Discussion on the plots visited The crops case study plots have shown how the intensity in wheat production have been gearing. Growth of wheat has been fairly straight forward however the management practices have played key role in ensuring management strategies influences yield output, (Rossi et al. 2014, 45). In the case studies, aspects of best variety selections, rate of growth, weed control and disease control were investigated. Various researches have put in best trials and experimental plot to assess the tolerance of genetic modification and engineering of crops to suit various aspects of crop growth with an aim of improving output, (Pergamo et al 2016). Investigation on high yielding cultivars has been investigated as observed in Dion Bennet breeding site. Wheat disease such as yellow spot disease has been investigated, with techniques adopting newer genes on crops and ensuring they give in best genes to enable high yield production. Other case study site has adopted to cropping system with livestock management practices with an aim of building the symbiotic relationships of animal husbandry and crop production practices. And in the Merdian field, research has geared towards adopting gene resistant and tolerant wheat varieties while the DIPRD site has focussed on how environmental factors impacts on crop production and yield. All this has been success courtesy of incorporating technology into farming practices in agricultural practices. Factors affecting agricultural practices It is important to note that there are various aspects which influence agricultural production. Production is not an absolute measure, but rather, a mirror of the ration of inputs and outputs. Crops field that produces twice as much of crops in a certain period cannot be compared twice its productivity. A case example is that if the farmers spent as much on that field, then the net change in productivity is expected to be zero, (Borches Bewley, 2015, 4200). Climatic factors have played crucial role in agricultural production. A temperature range which is minimum of 60C for crops to grow and rainfall range of at least 250mm to 500mm have influenced various types of crops grown. Hot, wet tropical areas favours rice production while cooler environmental aspects favour wheat output, (Alvim Kozlowski, 2013). However increase in temperature and carbon monoxide CO2 has an impact of increasing crop yields. However to get hold of this key aspects there is need to focus on nutrient levels, soil moisture and water availability for crops to yield. Crop farming capacity has an impact on crop production. Soil has its own elasticity to support production to certain levels, (Koal et al 2015). However utilization of other cropping systems such as proper use of fertilizer to improve soil nutritive value has an impact on crop production. Hence in large production, farming techniques have been adopted to improve yields. Drought mitigation measures Drought mitigation measures have incorporated large number of actions which include supply increase, demand reduction of water and drought impact minimisation approaches. This has called for earlier preparation for both long term actions oriented to reduce the vulnerability of water supply. Hence the role of rain monitoring system is crucial is effective in drought management so as to reduce the impact of drought, (Smith, 2000, 102). In crop management systems, farmers are advised to practice conservation efforts with regard to minimizing soil structure, composition and biodiversity thus reducing soil degradation, surface runoff and water pollution, (Wilhite et al 2007, 570). Some of the recommended avenues include crop rotation, contour structuring, effective tillage practices, erosion management practices and reclamation of salt affected soils, (Pereira et al 2002, 200). Frost management in crop farming has been brought about by the amount of injury caused on crops due to reduced temperature which reaches a specific level referred to critical damage temperature, (Barlow et al 2015, 105). Frosty increases injury as the temperature levels fall. For effective crop management practices, there are passive methods which have been adopted to mitigate this factor. They include appropriate site selection, cold air management, proper pruning, removing cover crops, bacteria control, minimal soil cultivation and appropriate planting periods. Active approaches include use of heaters, wind machines, sprinklers, surface irrigation and other combination measures. In animal management, there is need for mitigation measures which cushion the farmers against the adverse effects of performance survival and livestock performance. Low rainfalls have shown to reduce both the amount of water received, thus the critical aspect is to try to manage the little water as much as possible. Low rainfall patterns have shown to reduce both the quality and quantity of farmland. The grass pasture reduces prematurely and their nutritive values are hampered, (Wilhite, 2005). For animal husbandry it is prudent, to practice padlocking practices with regard to pasture regulation of animals, secondly it is crucial to ensure that appropriate timing for culling of animals is practices. Meaning that farmers have to look what you can dispose when drought begin or strike. Further farmers need to act proactively and not reactively. Many farmers tend to dispose off their animals when it is too late, thus hampering the quality output of culling, (Iglesius et al 2003, 220). Aluminium toxicity in plants Aluminium toxicity in pants has been the most common cause of growth reduction and linked to strong acid soils. The primary effect of effective management is to reduce root growth management is to reduce root development, (Rout Samantarary, 2001, 20). Root hair development needs to be suppressed when the concentrations of aluminium increases, the down ward extension of the roots needs to be restricted. Adoption of tolerant mechnaims in plant growth has been the exclusion of Aluminium in root apex mechanism and to allow the plant to tolerate in plant cells. Another avenue used is to ensure production of organic acid so as to achieve Aluminium toxicity, (Ali et al 2008, 155). PH management The soil Ph has been used as a measure of relative acidity and alkalinity in soil solution. Soil pH affects many crucial aspects of crop production, which include nutrition availability, metal toxicity and efficacy use of herbicides applications. Regular usage of lime applications in crops is essential in preventing crops from acidic environment. Lime application will be determined by the lime quality, soil type and tillage depth, (Khan et al, 2009). Herbicides usage and salinity effect Herbicide usage has been used increasingly around the world, and has been used for weed control process. Hand weeding or machinery weeding has never been an efficient way of crop management, hence adoption of herbicides use to increase crop yields, (Heap, 2014). Herbicides has been adopted worldwide to replace tillage farming and to improve environmental conditions, (Fernarndez, 2012). Herbicide has been found to reduce soil erosion, fuel use, green house emissions and nutrient run off. In gavins' hoogbooms farm and field pea , soil treatment has been adopted. High levels of salinity levels in plants have found an impact in crop germination and nutrient release in plants. Salinity acts as a drought on plants limiting water and nutrients, (Mamo, Wortmann Shapiro, 2009). Effective management approaches has incorporated the use of drainage systems to provide leaching effects of salt beyond the crop rooting area. Other measures which can be used include, scrapping methods, flushing of soils and leaching practices for the soil, (Mallarino et al, 2013). Designs options for future farming Farming designs needs to focus on conservation agriculture which is geared towards, achieving a sustained and profitable livelihood to farmers. Integrating these principles of livestock management and crop production in conservation practices is an incoming approach which creates a common sustenance for both, (Abrol, 2005). The future of design options needs to focus on adapting key principles of integrated crop management systems which adopts local agro-ecological aspects using a tailored made approach process, (FAO, 2009). Engaging in collaborative management should be geared towards participatory process. There is need for the new systems to focus on innovative and usage of indigenous knowledge and the use of incentives and subsidies to cushion farmers, (Landers Weiss, 2008). The need for creating awareness for crop management practices and adaption approaches for climate changes are key towards enabling sustainable crop and livestock practices and to improve the overall agronomy aspects of agriculture (Verburg et al 2004). Conclusion thus it is crucial to employ effective crop management practices in farming practices. Adoption of effective practices is key towards reducing barriers to wheat growth management. With the advancement of technology, wheat production practices is set to improve and give farmers value outputs on the wheat farms. References Ali, B., S. A. Hasan, S. Hayat, Q. Hayat, S. Yadav, Q. Fariduddin, and A. Ahmad. 2008. "A role for brassinosteroids in the amelioration of aluminium stress through antioxidant system in mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)." Environmental and Experimental Botany 62, no. 2: 153-159. Alvim, Paulo de T., and Theodore Thomas Kozlowski, eds. 2013. Ecophysiology of tropical crops. Elsevier,. Barlow, K. M., B. P. Christy, G. J. Oleary, P. A. Riffkin, and J. G. Nuttall. 2015. "Simulating the impact of extreme heat and frost events on wheat crop production: A review." Field Crops Research 171 : 109-119 Borchers, M. R., and J. M. Bewley. 2015. "An assessment of producer precision dairy farming technology use, prepurchase considerations, and usefulness." Journal of dairy science 98, no. 6 : 4198-4205. FAO. 2009. Enhancing Crop-Livestock Systems in Conservation Agriculture for Sustainable Production Intensification. A Farmer Discovery Process Going to Scale in Burkina Faso. Integrated Crop Management Vol.7-. FAO, Rome. Heap, Ian. "Herbicide resistant weeds." In Integrated pest management, pp. 281-301. Springer Netherlands, 2014. Iglesias, Eva, Alberto Garrido, and Almudena Gmez?Ramos. 2003. "Evaluation of drought management in irrigated areas." Agricultural Economics 29, no. 2: 211-229. Khan, Shahbaz, Munir A. Hanjra, and Jianxin Mu. 2009. "Water management and crop production for food security in China: a review." Agricultural water management 96, no. 3 : 349-360. Koal, Philipp, Rolf Schilling, Georg Gerl, Karin Pritsch, and Jean Charles Munch. 2015. "Effect of different agronomic management practices on greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient cycling in a long-term field trial." In EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, vol. 17. Landers J. N.and Weiss J. 2008. Study on the Conversion of Degraded Tropical Pastures to Productive Crop x Livestock Rotations and their Effect on Mitigating Deforestation. WWF and The Nature Conservancy.. Mallarino, Antonio P., John E. Sawyer, and Stephen K. Barnhart. 2013. "A general guide for crop nutrient and limestone recommendations in Iowa." Mamo, Martha, Charles S. Wortmann, and Charles A. Shapiro. 2003. Lime use for soil acidity management. Cooperative Extension, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Pereira, Luis Santos, Theib Oweis, and Abdelaziz Zairi. 2002. "Irrigation management under water scarcity." Agricultural water management 57, no. 3 : 175-206. Pergamo, Raffaella, Lelio Morra, and Carlo Triarico. 2016. "A sustainable competitive model: the biodynamic farming in Italy." RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA' . Rossi, Evandrei Santos, Marcelo Cruz Mendes, Omar Possatto Junior, Diego Ary Rizzardi, and Carlos Augusto Silva. 2014. "Agronomics characteritcs of wheat cultivars in response to urea treaded with urease inhibitor in coverage." Applied Research Agrotechnology 6, no. 3 : 39-46. Rout, G., S. Samantaray, and P. Das. 2001. "Aluminium toxicity in plants: a review." Agronomie 21, no. 1 : 3-21. Singh, U. P., Y. Singh, H. P. Singh, and R. K. Gupta. 2005. Cropping system options in No/reduced till-Surface residue managed systems. eds. Conservation agriculture-Status and prospects. No. CIS-5452. CIMMYT. Smith, Martin. 2000. "The application of climatic data for planning and management of sustainable rainfed and irrigated crop production." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 103, no. 1: 99-108. Verburg, Peter H., Paul P. Schot, Martin J. Dijst, and A. Veldkamp. 2004. "Land use change modelling: current practice and research priorities." GeoJournal 61, no. 4 : 309-324. Wilhite, Donald A., ed. Drought and water crises: science, technology, and management issues. CRC Press, 2005. Wilhite, Donald A., Mark D. Svoboda, and Michael J. Hayes. 2007. "Understanding the complex impacts of drought: a key to enhancing drought mitigation and preparedness." Water resources management 21, no. 5 : 763-774.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Workaholism Essay Example For Students

Workaholism Essay The official working week is being reduced to 35 hours a week. In most countries in the world, it is limited to 45 hours a week. The trend during the last century seems to be unequivocal : less work, more play. Yet, what may be true for blue collar workers or state employees is not necessarily so for white collar members of the liberal professions. It is not rare for these people lawyers, accountants, consultants, managers, academics to put in 80 hour weeks. The phenomenon is so widespread and its social consequences so damaging that it acquired the unflattering nickname workaholism, a combination of the words work and alcoholism. Family life is disrupted, intellectual horizons narrow, the consequences to the workaholics health are severe : fat, lack of exercise, stress take their toll. Classified as alpha types, workaholics suffer three times as many heart attacks as their peers. But what are the social and economic roots of this phenomenon ? Put succinctly, it is the result of the blurring borders and differences between work and leisure. The distinction between these two types of time the one dedicated to labour and the one spent in the pursuit of ones interests was so clear for thousands of years that its gradual disappearance is one of the most important and profound social changes in human history. A host of other shifts in the character of the work and domestic environments of humans converged to produce this momentous change. Arguably the most important was the increase in labour mobility and the fluid nature of the very concept of work and the workplace. The transitions from agricultural to industrial, then to the services and now to the information and knowledge societies, each, in turn, increased the mobility of the workforce. A farmer is the least mobile. His means of production are fixed, his produce was mostly consumed locally because of lack of proper refrigeration, preservation and transportation methods. A marginal group of people became nomad- traders. This group exploded in size with the advent of the industrial revolution. True, the bulk of the workforce was still immobile and affixed to the production floor. But raw materials and the finished products travelled long distances to faraway markets. Professional services were needed and the professional manager, the lawyer, the accountant, the consultant, the trader, the broker all emerged as both the parasites of the production processes and the indispensable oil on its cogs. Then came the services industry. Its protagonists were no longer geographically dependent. They rendered their services to a host of employers in a variety of ways and geographically spread. This trend accelerated today, at the beginning of the information and knowledge revolution. Knowledge is not locale-bound. It is easily transferable across boundaries. Its ephemeral quality gives it a-temporal and non-spatial qualities. The location of the participants in the economic interactions of this new age are geographically transparent. These trends converged with an increase of mobility of people, goods and data (voice, visual, textual and other). The twin revolutions of transportation and of telecommunications really reduced the world to a global village. Phenomena like commuting to work and multinationals were first made possible. Facsimile messages, electronic mail, other modem data transfers, the Internet broke not only physical barriers but also temporal ones. Today, virtual offices are not only spatially virtual but also temporally so. This means that workers can collaborate not only across continents but also across time zones. They can leave their work for someone else to continue in an electronic mailbox, for instance. These last technological advances precipitated the fragmentation of the very concepts of work and workplace. No longer the three Aristotelian dramatic unities. Work could be carried out in different places, not simultaneously, by workers who worked part time whenever it suited them best, Flexitime and work from home replaced commuting as the preferred venue (much moreso in the Anglo-Saxon countries, but they have always been the pioneering harbingers of change). This fitted squarely into the social fragmentation which characterizes todays world : the disintegration of previously cohesive social structures, such as the nuclear (not to mention the extended) family. This was all neatly wrapped in the ideology of individualism which was presented as a private case of capitalism and liberalism. People were encouraged to feel and behave as distinct, autonomous units. The perception of individuals as islands replaced the former perception of humans as cells in an organism. This trend was coupled with and enhanced by the unprecedented successive annual rises in productivity and increases in world trade. These trends were brought about by new management techniques, new production technology, innovative inventory control methods, automatization, robotization, plant modernization, telecommunications (which facilitates more efficient transfers of information), even new design concepts. But productivity gains made humans redundant. No amount of retraining could cope with the incredible rate of technological change. The more technologically advanced the country the higher its structural unemployment (attributable to changes in the very structure of the market) went. In Western Europe, it shot up from 5-6% of the workforce to 9% in one decade. One way to manage this flood of ejected humans was to cut the workweek. Another was to support a large population of unemployed. The third, more tacit, way was to legitimize leisure time. Whereas the Jewish and Protestant work ethics condemned idleness in the past they now started encouraging people to self fulfil, pursue habits and non-work related interests and express the whole of their personality. This served to blur the historical differences between work and leisure. They were both commended now by the mores of our time. Work became less and less structured and rigid formerly, the main feature of leisure time. Work could be pursued and to an ever growing extent, was pursued from home. The territorial separation between work-place and home turf was essentially eliminated. The emotional leap was only a question of time. Historically, people went to work because they had to and all the rest was designated pleasure. Now, both were pleasure or torture or mixture. Some people began to enjoy their work so much that it fulfilled for them the functions normally reserved to leisure time. They are the workaholics. Others continued to hate work but felt disoriented in the new, leisure enriched environment. They were not qualified or trained to deal with excess time, lack of framework, no clear instructions what to do, when, with whom and to what. Socialization processes and socialization agents (the State, parents, educators, employers) were not geared nor did they regar d it as being their responsibility to train the populace to cope with free time and with the baffling and dazzling variety of options. Economies and markets can be classified using many criteria. Not the least of them is the work-leisure axis. Those societies and economies that maintain the old distinction between (hated) work and (liberating) leisure are doomed to perish or, at best, radically lag behind. This is because they will not have developed a class of workaholics big enough to move the economy ahead. And this is the Big Lesson : it takes workaholics to create, maintain and expand capitalism. As opposed to common beliefs (held by the uninitiated) people, mostly, do not engage in business because they are looking for money (the classic profit motive). They do what they do because they like the Game of Business, its twists and turns, the brainstorming, the battle of brains, subjugating markets, the ups and downs, the excitement. All this has nothing to do with pure money. It has everything to do with psychology. True, the meter by which success is measured in the world of money is money but very fast it is transformed into an abstract meter, akin to the monopoly money. It is a symbol of shrewdness, wit, foresight and insight. Workaholics identify business with pleasure. They are the embodiment of the pleasure principle. They make up the class of the entrepreneurs, the managers, the businessmen. They are the movers, the shakers, the pushers, the energy. Without them, we have socialist economies, where everything belongs to everyone and, actually to none. In these economies of collective ownership people go to work because they have to, they try to avoid it, to sabotage the workplace, they harbour negative feelings. Slowly, they wither and die (professionally) because no one can live long in hatred and deceit. Joy is an essential ingredient. And this is the true meaning of capitalism : the abolition of work and leisure and the pursuit of both with the sam e zeal and satisfaction. Above all, the (increasing) liberty to do it whenever, wherever, with whomever you choose. Unless and until the Homo East Europeansis changes his set of mind there will be no real transition. Because transition happens in the human mind much before it takes form in reality. It is no use to dictate, to legislate, to finance, to cajole, to offer the human being must change first. It was Marx (a devout non-capitalist) who said : it is consciousness that determines reality. How right was he. Witness the USA and witness the miserable failure of communism. .u468b0a24ce13125dec44b2aa4ba0fde0 , .u468b0a24ce13125dec44b2aa4ba0fde0 .postImageUrl , .u468b0a24ce13125dec44b2aa4ba0fde0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u468b0a24ce13125dec44b2aa4ba0fde0 , .u468b0a24ce13125dec44b2aa4ba0fde0:hover , .u468b0a24ce13125dec44b2aa4ba0fde0:visited , .u468b0a24ce13125dec44b2aa4ba0fde0:active { border:0!important; } .u468b0a24ce13125dec44b2aa4ba0fde0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u468b0a24ce13125dec44b2aa4ba0fde0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u468b0a24ce13125dec44b2aa4ba0fde0:active , .u468b0a24ce13125dec44b2aa4ba0fde0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u468b0a24ce13125dec44b2aa4ba0fde0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u468b0a24ce13125dec44b2aa4ba0fde0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u468b0a24ce13125dec44b2aa4ba0fde0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u468b0a24ce13125dec44b2aa4ba0fde0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u468b0a24ce13125dec44b2aa4ba0fde0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u468b0a24ce13125dec44b2aa4ba0fde0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u468b0a24ce13125dec44b2aa4ba0fde0 .u468b0a24ce13125dec44b2aa4ba0fde0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u468b0a24ce13125dec44b2aa4ba0fde0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Road Not Taken Essay We will write a custom essay on Workaholism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Free sample - The UK airport expansion vs. climate concerns.. translation missing

The UK airport expansion vs. climate concerns.. The UK airport expansion vs. climate concerns.It’s supposedly hard to argue, that development comprises movement, ahead in particular. Movement, in its turn, presupposes making some steps in order to reach the targeted place of destination. Thus, these are interrelated notions. The process of development includes a number of adjacent efforts to keep the necessary pace and not slow down. Obviously, to achieve success it’s essential one have the objective, endeavors, resources and competitive stance. The latter is especially important since to win out your place in the sun appears to be not that simple after all. One is supposed to be ready to meet challenges on the way and be able to overcome hindrances with the least losses. Only by means of persistent continuous attempts can one withstand hardships and become stronger and wiser. This is true in regard not only to individual human progress, but also everything undergoing the stages of growth. In this tight connection it is fair to speak about the development of UK air transport system which has gone through, and still continues to, lots of changes, reconstructions and re-establishments. Presumably, there is no need to get deep insight into the whole history of airports evolvement though to encompass a few the most significant and prominent of them would help clear up the motives and driving power of their growth. London Heathrow deservedly serves one of such examples. The airport comprises international busy hub with the capacity to carry more than 68 mln passengers who use both long haul and short distance flights. Moreover, the airport makes its airfreights of over 1.3 mln cargo per annum. Still, not always has it demonstrated such efficiency. Its inception started in 1940s. 1946 saw the emergence of grass air field that was initially used by the military. First it was in private hands and as the Great Western Aerodrome it fulfilled more supplementary function rather than a full-fledged racecourse. After the end of war the airport began to expand and the area of its application was far more than just army base.   The demand for such expansion was stipulated by the necessity of big airport in London for passenger haulages to take place. The Heathrow site perfectly suited the idea and thus, there were constructed three runways by 1947. The initial tented terminal gave way to a full-blown building at the beginning of 1950s. The incentive for further more large-scale development had its grounds being the increasing surge of traffic and therefore the passenger turnover enlargement. Naturally, there arose need in extra conveniences and utilities to satisfy the growing flow of passengers. The expansion was represented by the Heathrow Airport Terminal 2 in 1955 and later a few other terminals in 1960s. Because there was considerable repletion in the centre of the airport another Terminal 4 appeared in the southern part in 1980s (Heathrow airport guide). Nowadays modern Heathrow airport has comfortable passenger access assisted by a number of adjoining roads – rails and automobile, and play s indispensible and economically convincing role in the overall UK air transport revenue. The expansion process further proceeds, however, it faces much opposition as well. Evidently, Heathrow is not the only one on the airport list. The second largest UK airport is Gatwick which is estimated to take the tenth place among the busiest international airports in the world. Its passenger capacity is difficult to overestimate – over 35 mln annually. Originally the aerodrome belonged to private owner Home Counties Aviation Services and has tremendously grown to include the terminal in 1936. There were skillfully built the subways and tented access roads for passengers to have easy and comparatively unhampered passage (History of London Heathrow Airport).   Like Heathrow Gatwick also served as the Royal Air Force base at the war time but later in 1953 it acquired the status of London second airport. In a few years Gatwick was significantly enlarged with new necessary equipment and facilities added to become the terminal. It embraced not only a large runway (2000 feet), but also included a covered passage connecting the plane with terminal.   1980s were marked by a more passenger surplus to be a million people. Needless to say, how important such increase was in terms of the role of the airport on the international scale. It has undergone further extension and in 1978 was already carrying transatlantic flights with long-distance aircrafts and upgraded terminal. The years of 1990s and 2007 saw staggering enhancement in passenger turnover of 10 and 35 million respectively. To satisfy ever-increasing demand the aspiration of further airport expansion becomes apparent, though such objective encounters severe protest on behalf of Green politics supporters and local residents (Gatwick airport guide). The excurse into the history of UK airport development may be continued and be added by the examples of Luton, Bristol, Stansted, Carlishe and other airports which demonstrate the need to cope with capacity and satisfy the growing demand with adequate offer. Up to a point, it is relevant to focus on today’s topical issues concerned with UK airport development. As it was previously mentioned, the expansion was driven by economic factors namely being the passenger surplus and international business relations tacked with constant airline usage. So, it is quite evident that these factors would induce air companies to keep with the time and sustain competitiveness and importance in a globalized arena. In 2003 the government issued Air Transport White Paper which introduced plans of further airport expansion – building of new runways with the aim to handle the increasing demand for air transportation. The governmental decision presupposes three additional runways at Stansted, one more at Heathrow, some extra tracks in Edinburgh and Glasgow and also expansions of Bristol (Airport technology.com. Bristol International Airport Expansion) and Birmingham. According to Transport Secretary, A. Darling, the number of passengers would increase and comprise twice as many as 180m p.a. to achieve 400m by 2020. The paper foresees three more runways at Stansted which would transform it into another significant airport centre along with Heathrow or make it assisting Heathrow supplement. A probable expansion of Luton and Cardiff airports were also envisaged. Regarding Gatwick, the extension process is supposed to last till 2019 which is conditioned by the existing agreement that bans expans ion actions (BBC News, 2002, 23 July).   However, the government paper didn’t get a unanimous reaction. On the one hand, the expansion is necessary on the grounds of economic benefits since the UK has as Mr. Darling put it â€Å"the fourth largest economy in the world based largely on our ability to trade. Something like a third of exports go by air ...† (BBC News, 2002). What is more, a number of the UK use airline users is persuasively stunning – half the whole population annually and about quarter twice p.a. In addition, the governmental plans are to a large extent consistent with the predictions of considerable traffic surplus by 2030, particularly in south-eastern part of the country which is distinguished by population overflow. Facts are stubborn thing, actually. Out of 200m annual airline passengers in the UK 120m get advantage of South East airports. Think only, the role of Heathrow!   It has irrefutable and undeniable economic significance counting nearly 100,000 staff and the aviation industry stands for approximately 200,000 work places. Not the least of the influential factors in favor of expansion is that London is an attractive sightseeing place for visitors from the whole world with its prominent and famous sights. London airports serve an undeniable role in business flights both long- and short-distanced (BBC News, 2005, Feb 18). Collin Matthews, BAA's chief executive, emphasizes and explains the necessity of airport expansion giving convincing arguments: â€Å"It is because of the lack of runway capacity at Heathrow that airlines are forced to choose between old destinations and new – or to go elsewhere entirely. Last month alone Leeds/Bradford and Durham Tees Valley airports both lost their links to Heathrow as airlines shuffled their slots, while Air India decided to base its European hub at Frankfurt† (guardian.co.uk., 2009, May 13). He also pointed out on no additional tracking slot to enable take-offs and landing which gives reason for airlines to shift from Heathrow to other alternative European airports. His claims turn out to be quite fair, especially those revealing the urgent need to expand since the contemporary tendency shows ever-inclining global policy towards Asian economies. Therefore, as Mr. Matthew accentuates, three must significant extensions be made in order to not to conce de to Frankfurt airport, for instance, which â€Å"has direct links with six Chinese cities† compared to London’s only Heathrow possible to carry out such transfers. Thus, it becomes clear why the expansion is so necessary – enlarge capacity not to lag behind. Such a thorny issue can’t but get a dual response and the opposition is also pertinent. Still, weighing pros and cons one can not deny the evident fact that under the mentioned circumstances expansion plans are justified to â€Å"keep UK competitive.† What is the basis for opposition then? A fair question that needs to shed light on. There is a sound ground for the adversary force – the astonishing impact on climate (Sean O'Grady. 2007, Aug. 15). However prudent economic reasons may be the airport expansion implications are inevitably concerned with green policy (Juliette Jowit, Economics, pollution, jobs and noise ... 2009, January 16). The numerous activists object to the plans on expansion. The protests underline severe damage the aviation inflicts on nature (Alok Jha, green technology correspondent. 2008, Nov 18). Thus, air and noise pollution are first obvious aftereffects (BBC News, QA: Airport expansion. 2005) For instance, Heathrow expansion will enlarge flight numbers entailing traffic jams on the roads to the airport, namely the M25 and the M4 highways in London. That is why BAA (the Heathrow owner) is obliged to establish emission-reducing systems in the aircrafts to comply with climate protection regulations. Strong and determined is the Airportwatch opposition called for to organize non-expansion movement. The organization representatives are those who virtually comprise environmentalists, among which are Friends of the Earth, Greenpeace, Aviation Environment Federation, the Campaign for Better Transport, the Woodland Trust, the Campaign to Protect Rural England, the World Development Movement, Environmental Protection UK etc (Airportwatch, 2004). The opposition showed indignation since the government gets full advantage of its plans – there are no taxes on aviation fuel and what is more, the air sector is not included into the Kyoto protocol and the EU's carbon trading scheme (The Independent. 2007, August 15). Consequently, the Government’s airport development and expansion plans must be put into force taking into account environmental concerns, i.e. realization of the climate implications, thus being consistent with the aims of reduction of carbon dioxide emissions (Colin Brown, Almost half of population want green tax on air travel. 2007, August 15). Such a ruling was stated by the High Court indicating inappropriateness and crude character of the governmentally proposed plans. Moreover, the verdict also ruled that the 2003 White Paper "The Future of Air Transport" by no means complies with the 2008 Climate Change Act (WWF-UK, Update on Heathrow Legal Challenge). So, the White Paper needs proper reconsideration to enable new runway plans to incorporate economic and environmental aspects.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

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First of all, before you start composing your project, you should thoroughly understand what your assignment is all about. In simple terms, ask yourself What is an analytical essay? Like any other work, your paper should be structured in three main parts: the introduction, the body and finally, the concluding paragraph, which is mainly a summary of the main points. The introduction should always aim at getting the readers to be interested in what you are writing. The first sentence should capture the readers attention. It must, therefore, be surprising and exciting. Which ways can you hook the reader? You can add a rhetorical question that drives the reader into thinking in a specific way. Secondly, you can include a controversial statement as this gives a reader the urge to know how you are going to support it or how unique your idea is. Thirdly, the student can think of presenting some relevant statistics related to the topic. It is from this introductory statement that the reader can judge if you know how to write a good analytical essay. Next, add a thesis statement. After ensuring that you have a hook that will engage the reader, you need to make a strong claim. The thesis statement should be clear. Structure of Paragraphs From a Professional Point of View In an essay, the thesis statement should be backed up to prove your claims. In this part, a lot of research should be done to get data and facts. The study should support and answer all questions relating to what you are analyzing, be it a book, a film or any other academic work. How you present these ideas is also very important. For instance, make the paragraphs have flow and make sure each section consist of three essential sets of sentences. First, always write the topic sentence. Secondly, have sentences with claims and use evidence to support those claims. These can be three or even more but should not make the paragraph too lengthy. 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Thursday, November 21, 2019

Critical Approaches to the Online Learning Assignment

Critical Approaches to the Online Learning - Assignment Example Professor Michael Porter, supported the idea of creating the online courses with the condition that it should be run in a manner that doesn’t ruin the class-room concept of study. Professor Porter puts it simple and clear: â€Å"A company must stay the course, even in times of upheaval, while constantly improving and extending its distinctive positioning† (Useem). The theory of Porter holds that the programs that exists need not be disrupted in any form on the other hand the online learning should be introduced as an additional program (Useem). This theory holds that an introduction of the new program should be a way of reinforcing the strategy that is already in place.Leading University departments like the Harvard Business School have opted on the Porter’s theory in the expense of Christensen’s. Instead of disrupting the traditional Masters in Business Administration and the programs that relate to executive education; online education is introduced as a n option in the business education sector (Porter).Professor Clayton Christensen believed that for universities to be more competitive and lead in the market, they are to disrupt the ‘old model’ of teaching and embrace the online method (Porter). This is seen as a method that will embrace technological changes and the same time increase the number increases the number of students that are reached per lecture. Professor Christensen believes that through the disruptive approach the process will be less costly and simple.